The transition from primary to secondary school has been identified as an equally important and challenging time for young people. It is therefore imperative to understand the challenges that must be addressed to facilitate a positive transition. This research briefing explores existing literature on this transition for pupils in Scotland. A change in teaching style, an increased workload and a new physical school environment are identified as the key challenges many pupils experience. It is noted that pupils’ relationships with teachers and peers is particularly important for a positive transition. People Know How’s Positive Transitions service is highlighted as a positive example of additional support to facilitate a positive primary to secondary school transition experience for children and young people.